feat[venom]: add binop optimizations

[HodanPlodky]

What I did

Started reimplementing the binary operation optimization and some additional from original pipeline to venom pipeline

How I did it

The optimization are done in the AlgebraicOptimizationPass since the types of optimizations nicely slots into the purpose of the pass. Most of the logic is directly taken from the original pipeline

How to verify it

Commit message

this commit adds additional binop optimizations to venom. these are
the analog of `optimize_binop` in the legacy optimizer and take us one
step closer to being able to bypass the legacy optimizer in the venom
pipeline.

the rules have been added to the algebraic optimizations pass. adding
them to the SCCP pass was considered, but to keep the rules all in one
place and to keep each pass more self-contained, they were added to the
algebraic optimizations pass, with additional SCCP passes performed for
branch/cfg reduction.

some additional machinery has been added, including `lit_eq` which
compares two IRLiterals in modular arithmetic, and InstructionUpdator,
which updates instructions while also updating the DFG in-place. this
should be useful to use for other passes in the future (although out of
scope for this PR).

additional passes have been added since they were found to improve
codesize. in particular, running AlgebraicOptimization multiple times,
and running SCCP after LoadElimination, seem to have some additional
benefits.

Description for the changelog

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.29577% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.09%. Comparing base (7136eab) to head (8642223).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
vyper/utils.py	86.66%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4281      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.01%   92.09%   +0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         119      119              
  Lines       16692    16931     +239     
  Branches     2805     2865      +60     
==========================================
+ Hits        15359    15593     +234     
- Misses        915      919       +4     
- Partials      418      419       +1     

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[charles-cooper]

very thorough! i reviewed that every single rule introduced in this PR has a corresponding test case. also added variants for some commutative ops.