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NodaMoney provides a library that treats Money as a first class citizen in .NET and handles all the ugly bits like currencies and formatting.
We have the decimal type in .NET to store an amount of money, which can be used for very basic things. But it's still a numeric value without knowledge about its currency, major and minor units, formatting, etc. The .NET Framework has the System.Globalization namespace that helps with formatting of money in different cultures and regions, but it only captures some info about currencies, but not everything.
There is also some business logic surronding money, like dividing without losing pennies (like in the movie Office Space), conversion, etc. that motivates to have a Money type that contains all the domain logic, like Martin Fowler already descibed in his book Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture
NodaMoney represents the .NET counterpart of java library JodaMoney, like NodaTime is the .NET counterpart of JodaTime. NodaMoney does not provide, nor is it intended to provide, monetary algorithms beyond the most basic and obvious. This is because the requirements for these algorithms vary widely between domains. This library is intended to act as the base layer, providing classes that should be in the .NET Framework. It complies with the currencies in ISO 4217.
The main classes are:
- Money: An immutable structure that represents money in a specified currency.
- Currency: A small immutable structure that represents a currency unit.
- CurrencyInfo: An immutable structure that represents a currency with all its information. It can give all ISO 4217 and custom currencies. It auto-converts to Currency.
- CurrencyInfoBuilder: Defines a custom currency that is new or based on another currency.
- ExchangeRate: A structure that represents a currency pair that can convert money from one currency to another currency.
Initalizing money
// Define money with explicit currency
Money euros = new Money(6.54m, "EUR");
Money euros = new (6.54m, "EUR");
Money euros = new Money(6.54m, CurrencyInfo.FromCode("EUR"));
Money euros = new Money(6.54m, Currency.FromCode("EUR"));
// Define money explicit using helper method for most used currencies in the world
Money money = Money.Euro(6.54m);
Money money = Money.USDollar(6.54m);
Money money = Money.PoundSterling(6.54m);
Money money = Money.Yen(6);
// Use current culture/region to auto populate Currency.
// When culture is 'NL-nl' code below results in Euros.
Money money = new Money(6.54m);
Money money = new (6.54m);
Money money = (Money)6.54m;
Money money = (Money)6;
Money money = (Money)6.54;
// Auto-rounding to the minor unit will take place with MidpointRounding.ToEven
// also known as banker's rounding
Money euro = new Money(765.425m, "EUR"); // EUR 765.42
Money euro = new Money(765.425m, "EUR", MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero); // EUR 765.43
// Deconstruct money
Money money = new Money(10m, "EUR");
var (amount, currency) = money;Money operations
Money euro10 = Money.Euro(10);
Money euro20 = Money.Euro(20);
Money dollar10 = Money.USDollar(10);
Money zeroDollar = Money.USDollar(0);
// Compare money
euro10 == euro20; // false
euro10 != euro20; // true;
euro10 == dollar10; // false;
euro20 > euro10; // true;
euro10 <= dollar10; // throws InvalidCurrencyException!
// Add and Substract
Money euro30 = euro10 + euro20;
Money euro10 = euro20 - euro10;
Money m = euro10 + dollar10; // throws InvalidCurrencyException!
Money euro10 = euro10 + zeroDollar; // doesn't throw when adding zero
euro20 += euro10; // EUR 30
euro20 -= euro10; // EUR 10
// Add and Substract with Implied Currency Context
Money euro30 = euro10 + 20m; // decimal value is assumed to have the same currency context
Money euro10 = euro20 - 10m; // decimal value is assumed to have the same currency context
// Decrement and Increment by minor unit
Money yen = new Money(765m, "JPY"); // the smallest unit is 1 yen
Money euro = new Money(765.43m, "EUR"); // the smallest unit is 1 cent (1EUR = 100 cent)
++yen; // JPY 766
--yen; // JPY 765
++euro; // EUR 765.44
--euro; // EUR 765.43
// Multiply
Money m = euro10 * euro20; // doesn't compile!
Money euro20 = euro10 * 2;
Money discount = euro10 * 0.15m;
// Divide
decimal ratio = euro20 / euro10;
Money euro5 = euro10 / 2;
// Divide without losing money
Money total = new Money(101m, "USD");
IEnumerable<Money> shares = total.SafeDivide(4); // [USD 25, USD 25, USD 25, USD 26]
// Modulus / Remainder
Money total = new Money(105.50m, "USD");
Money unitPrice = new Money(20.00m, "USD"); // USD 20 * 5 = USD 100
Money remainder = total % unitPrice; // USD 5.50Money formatting
Money yen = new Money(765m, "JPY");
Money euro = new Money(765.43m, "EUR");
Money dollar = new Money(765.43m, "USD");
Money dinar = new Money(765.432m, "BHD");
// Implicit when current culture is 'en-US'
yen.ToString(); // "¥765"
euro.ToString(); // "€765.43"
dollar.ToString(); // "$765.43"
dinar.ToString(); // "BD765.432"
yen.ToString("C2"); // "¥765.00"
euro.ToString("C2"); // "€765.43"
dollar.ToString("C2"); // "$765.43"
dinar.ToString("C2"); // "BD765.43"
// Implicit when current culture is 'nl-BE'
yen.ToString(); // "¥ 765"
euro.ToString(); // "€ 765,43"
dollar.ToString(); // "$ 765,43"
dinar.ToString(); // "BD 765,432"
// Implicit when current culture is 'fr-BE'
yen.ToString(); // "765 ¥"
euro.ToString(); // "765,43 €"
dollar.ToString(); // "765,43 $"
dinar.ToString(); // "765,432 BD"
}
// Explicit format for culture 'nl-NL'
var ci = new CultureInfo("nl-NL");
yen.ToString(ci); // "¥ 765"
euro.ToString(ci); // "€ 765,43"
dollar.ToString(ci); // "$ 765,43"
dinar.ToString(ci); // "BD 765,432"Money parsing
// Implicit parsing when current culture is 'nl-BE'
Money euro = Money.Parse("€ 765,43");
Money euro = Money.Parse("-€ 765,43");
Money euro = Money.Parse("€-765,43");
Money euro = Money.Parse("765,43 €");
Money yen = Money.Parse("¥ 765"); // throw FormatException, because ¥ symbol is used for Japanese yen and Chinese yuan
Money dollar = Money.Parse("$ 765,43"); // throw FormatException, because $ symbol is used for multiple currencies
// Implicit parsing when current culture is 'ja-JP'
Money yen = Money.Parse("¥ 765");
// Implicit parsing when current culture is 'zh-CN'
Money yuan = Money.Parse("¥ 765");
// Implicit parsing when current culture is 'en-US'
Money dollar = Money.Parse("$765.43");
Money dollar = Money.Parse("($765.43)"); // -$765.43
// Implicit parsing when current culture is 'es-AR'
Money peso = Money.Parse("$765.43");
// Explicit parsing when current culture is 'nl-BE'
Money euro = Money.Parse("€ 765,43", Currency.FromCode("EUR"));
Money euro = Money.Parse("765,43 €", Currency.FromCode("EUR"));
Money yen = Money.Parse("¥ 765", Currency.FromCode("JPY"));
Money yuan = Money.Parse("¥ 765", Currency.FromCode("CNY"));
// Implicit try parsing when current culture is 'nl-BE'
Money euro;
Money.TryParse("€ 765,43", out euro);
// Explicit try parsing when current culture is 'nl-BE'
Money euro;
Money.TryParse("€ 765,43", Currency.FromCode("EUR"), out euro);Adding custom currencies
// Build custom currency
var builder = new CurrencyInfoBuilder("BTC", "virtual")
{
EnglishName = "Bitcoin",
Symbol = "฿",
ISONumber = "123", // iso number
DecimalDigits = 8
};
// Build, but will not register it
CurrencyInfo bitcoin = builder.Build();
// Build and register it for the life-time of the app domain in the namespace 'virtual'
CurrencyInfo bitcoin = builder.Register();
Money bitcoins = new Money(1.2, "BTC"); // works if no overlap with other namespaces
Money bitcoins = new Money(1.2, Currency.FromCode("BTC", "virtual"));
// Replace ISO 4217 currency for the life-time of the app domain
CurrencyInfo oldEuro = CurrencyBuilder.Unregister("EUR", "ISO-4217");
var builder = new CurrencyBuilder("EUR", "ISO-4217");
builder.LoadDataFromCurrencyInfo(oldEuro);
builder.EnglishName = "New Euro";
builder.DecimalDigits = 1;
builder.Register();
Currency newEuro = Currency.FromCode("EUR");