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index.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<!-- 2018-03-25 Sun 19:46 -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Intro to emacs</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Org mode" />
<meta name="author" content="Marie-Helene Burle" />
<style type="text/css">
<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
.title { text-align: center;
margin-bottom: .2em; }
.subtitle { text-align: center;
font-size: medium;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top:0; }
.todo { font-family: monospace; color: red; }
.done { font-family: monospace; color: green; }
.priority { font-family: monospace; color: orange; }
.tag { background-color: #eee; font-family: monospace;
padding: 2px; font-size: 80%; font-weight: normal; }
.timestamp { color: #bebebe; }
.timestamp-kwd { color: #5f9ea0; }
.org-right { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.org-left { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; }
.org-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; }
.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
#postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; }
p.verse { margin-left: 3%; }
pre {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px #eee;
padding: 8pt;
font-family: monospace;
overflow: auto;
margin: 1.2em;
}
pre.src {
position: relative;
overflow: visible;
padding-top: 1.2em;
}
pre.src:before {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: white;
top: -10px;
right: 10px;
padding: 3px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
pre.src:hover:before { display: inline;}
/* Languages per Org manual */
pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; }
pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; }
pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; }
/* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */
pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; }
pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; }
pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; }
pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; }
pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; }
pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; }
pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; }
pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; }
pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; }
pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; }
pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; }
pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; }
pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; }
pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; }
pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; }
pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; }
pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; }
pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; }
pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; }
pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; }
pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; }
pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; }
pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; }
pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; }
pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; }
pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; }
pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; }
pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; }
pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; }
pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; }
pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; }
pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; }
pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; }
pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; }
pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; }
pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; }
/* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */
pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; }
pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; }
pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; }
pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; }
pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; }
pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; }
pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; }
pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; }
pre.src-shell:before { content: 'Shell Script'; }
pre.src-ebnf2ps:before { content: 'ebfn2ps'; }
/* additional language identifiers per "defun org-babel-execute"
in ob-*.el */
pre.src-cpp:before { content: 'C++'; }
pre.src-abc:before { content: 'ABC'; }
pre.src-coq:before { content: 'Coq'; }
pre.src-groovy:before { content: 'Groovy'; }
/* additional language identifiers from org-babel-shell-names in
ob-shell.el: ob-shell is the only babel language using a lambda to put
the execution function name together. */
pre.src-bash:before { content: 'bash'; }
pre.src-csh:before { content: 'csh'; }
pre.src-ash:before { content: 'ash'; }
pre.src-dash:before { content: 'dash'; }
pre.src-ksh:before { content: 'ksh'; }
pre.src-mksh:before { content: 'mksh'; }
pre.src-posh:before { content: 'posh'; }
/* Additional Emacs modes also supported by the LaTeX listings package */
pre.src-ada:before { content: 'Ada'; }
pre.src-asm:before { content: 'Assembler'; }
pre.src-caml:before { content: 'Caml'; }
pre.src-delphi:before { content: 'Delphi'; }
pre.src-html:before { content: 'HTML'; }
pre.src-idl:before { content: 'IDL'; }
pre.src-mercury:before { content: 'Mercury'; }
pre.src-metapost:before { content: 'MetaPost'; }
pre.src-modula-2:before { content: 'Modula-2'; }
pre.src-pascal:before { content: 'Pascal'; }
pre.src-ps:before { content: 'PostScript'; }
pre.src-prolog:before { content: 'Prolog'; }
pre.src-simula:before { content: 'Simula'; }
pre.src-tcl:before { content: 'tcl'; }
pre.src-tex:before { content: 'TeX'; }
pre.src-plain-tex:before { content: 'Plain TeX'; }
pre.src-verilog:before { content: 'Verilog'; }
pre.src-vhdl:before { content: 'VHDL'; }
pre.src-xml:before { content: 'XML'; }
pre.src-nxml:before { content: 'XML'; }
/* add a generic configuration mode; LaTeX export needs an additional
(add-to-list 'org-latex-listings-langs '(conf " ")) in .emacs */
pre.src-conf:before { content: 'Configuration File'; }
table { border-collapse:collapse; }
caption.t-above { caption-side: top; }
caption.t-bottom { caption-side: bottom; }
td, th { vertical-align:top; }
th.org-right { text-align: center; }
th.org-left { text-align: center; }
th.org-center { text-align: center; }
td.org-right { text-align: right; }
td.org-left { text-align: left; }
td.org-center { text-align: center; }
dt { font-weight: bold; }
.footpara { display: inline; }
.footdef { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.figure { padding: 1em; }
.figure p { text-align: center; }
.inlinetask {
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid gray;
margin: 10px;
background: #ffffcc;
}
#org-div-home-and-up
{ text-align: right; font-size: 70%; white-space: nowrap; }
textarea { overflow-x: auto; }
.linenr { font-size: smaller }
.code-highlighted { background-color: #ffff00; }
.org-info-js_info-navigation { border-style: none; }
#org-info-js_console-label
{ font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; }
.org-info-js_search-highlight
{ background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; }
.org-svg { width: 90%; }
/*]]>*/-->
</style>
<style type="text/css">
<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
@media all
{
/* @import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Inconsolata); */
/* @import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open Sans Condensed Light); */
/* @import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans+Narrow:400,700); */
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
nav,
section,
summary {
display: block;
}
audio,
canvas,
video {
display: inline-block;
}
audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}
[hidden] {
display: none;
}
html {
font-family: sans-serif;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 95%;
-ms-text-size-adjust: 95%;
}
body {
margin: 0;
}
a:focus {
outline: thin dotted;
}
a:active,
a:hover {
outline: 0;
}
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}
b,
strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
}
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
font-family: monospace, serif;
font-size: 1em;
}
pre,
code {
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
q {
quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019";
}
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
img {
border: 0;
}
svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}
figure {
margin: 0;
}
fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
legend {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
font-family: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
margin: 0;
}
button,
input {
line-height: normal;
}
button,
html input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button;
cursor: pointer;
}
button[disabled],
input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 0;
}
input[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield;
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
box-sizing: content-box;
}
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
textarea {
overflow: auto;
vertical-align: top;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
html {
font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
font-size: 110%;
}
pre,
code {
font-family: 'Inconsolata', sans-serif;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
font-weight: 700;
}
h1 {
line-height: 60px;
}
h2 {
line-height: 35px;
}
h3 {
line-height: 32px;
}
h4 {
line-height: 30px;
}
h5 {
line-height: 28px;
}
h6 {
line-height: 26px;
}
html {
background-color: #eee8d5;
color: #242b2f;
margin: 1em;
line-height: 24px;
}
body {
background-color: #faf9f1;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 22cm;
/* border: 1pt solid #93a1a1; */
/* border: 1pt solid #d9d9d9; */
border: 1pt solid #c9cfcf;
border-radius: 10px;
padding: 1em;
}
/* code { */
/* background-color: #eee8d5; */
/* padding: 2px; */
/* } */
a {
color: #b58900;
}
a:visited {
color: #cb4b16;
}
a:hover {
color: #e65719;
}
h1 {
color: #890c0c;
}
h2 {
color: #094043;
}
h3 {
color: #0f6b70;
}
h4 {
color: #13866c;
}
h5 {
color: #528d25;
}
h6 {
color: #9d9d15;
}
pre {
background-color: #f1f1f1;
color: #262626;
padding: 0.8em;
font-family: 'Inconsolata';
font-size: 95%;
line-height: 22px;
border: 1pt solid #d9d9d9;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0pt 0pt 0pt #eee8d5;
/* letter-spacing: 1.1px; */
}
code {
background-color: #f1f1f1;
color: #262626;
padding: 0.1em;
font-family: 'Inconsolata';
font-size: 95%;
line-height: 22px;
border: 0.5pt solid #d9d9d9;
/* border-radius: 5px; */
box-shadow: 0pt 0pt 0pt #eee8d5;
/* letter-spacing: 1.1px; */
}
.org-ess-numbers {
color: #e28200;
}
.org-comment-delimiter {
color: #8c8c8c;
}
.org-comment {
color: #8c8c8c;
}
.org-string {
color: #013b6d;
}
.org-ess-function-call {
color: #bf4040;
font-weight: bolder;
}
.org-ess-operator {
color: #0b5e56;
}
.org-ess-assignment {
color: #0b5e56;
}
.org-ess-paren {
color: #0b5e56;
}
.org-ess-XopX {
color: #0b5e56;
}
/* pre, */
/* code { */
/* background-color: #faf9f1; */
/* } */
h1 {
font-size: 2.7em;
text-align: center;
}
h2 {
font-size: 1.8em;
}
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font-size: 1.6em;
}
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font-size: 1.4em;
}
h5 {
font-size: 1.3em;
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<body>
<div id="preamble" class="status">
<b>Marie-Helene Burle</b><br> March 25, 2018<hr size="1" width="210" align="left" noshade>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Intro to emacs</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgcabd627">Installation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org13e3308">The particular case of Windows (of course…)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org63e18da">- to install a version which runs natively on windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge5864d4">- to install a version through Cygwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd124f87">- to run linux in a virtualbox or create a linux partition on your drive</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgda3b8f2">Today's program</a></li>
<li><a href="#org07b7c46">Rationale</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga481c99">Why use text?</a></li>
<li><a href="#orged2b03e">Why use emacs?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org4c51cf7">Quick demo of some of the things that emacs can do</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdbd370a">The emacs world</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1523ed3">A bit of vocabulary first</a></li>
<li><a href="#org30595c8">Modes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org7b69790">Major modes</a></li>
<li><a href="#org683dde2">Minor modes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orga43e2c5">Keybindings</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgf51d141">Key notation</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf1c7491">Some useful keybindings to get started</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgcabf10b">Challenge 1</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1e16cc7">Customizing your emacs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orge0075fe">Out of the box emacs: yew…</a></li>
<li><a href="#org290a126">The customize menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb266fef">The init file</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd7532e1">Challenge 2</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org5019ba5">Packages</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga173c30">A list of packages I couldn't do without:</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb2ce800">Install packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcabd627" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcabd627">Installation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgcabd627">
<p>
You can find the download page with instructions for Linux, Windows (don't get alarmed and see below) and macOS <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/download.html">here</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org13e3308" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org13e3308">The particular case of Windows (of course…)</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org13e3308">
<p>
emacs runs best on a Unix system. However, <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/efaq-w32.html#Why-Emacs-on-Windows">it does run on Windows</a>.
</p>
<p>
Don't panic if the instructions on the download page don't make sense to you. For windows users, there are several options, including:
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org63e18da" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org63e18da">- to install a version which runs natively on windows</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org63e18da">
<p>
Download the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/emacsbinw64/">executable</a> and install as you would with any program. I believe that emacs will then run through MSYS2/MinGW-w64, but you don't have to worry about that. If you only want to install emacs to play with it for some time and see what you think of it, you might want to chose this route. I ran emacs this way for several months when I first started playing with it. So if nothing else on this page makes sense, don't worry: just install this - it will feel familiar and it will be just fine.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge5864d4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orge5864d4">- to install a version through Cygwin</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-orge5864d4">
<p>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygwin">Cygwin</a> is a Unix-like environment for Windows. While this way may seem more complicated, if you fall in love with emacs (who wouldn't…) and decide to embrace it fully, it will prove easier in the long run as some packages simply don't work on Windows or require a lot of patching and fixing and running after missing dll and all sorts of hassle… Running emacs through Cygwin is almost the same as running it through Linux and that makes lots of things just work very smoothly. After a few months in emacs or if you are seriously considering learning it, you will probably want to go this route - or just throw Windows through the window and install Linux altogether :)
</p>
<p>
So you will have to install Cygwin and then one emacs package within it:
</p>
<p>
Download the <a href="https://cygwin.com/install.html">executable</a> and follow the instructions. Keep the packages selected by default and add one of the emacs packages (I suggest emacs-w32 since it runs the native windows GUI).
</p>
<p>
Side note: once you have discovered Cygwin, you might become interested in adding other packages (for instance git) and start using those through Cygwin instead of how you used to use them before. You will also probably be excited to discover many of the Unix tools like bash, make, grep, etc. Ultimately, you will probably want to just install Linux on your machine!
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd124f87" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgd124f87">- to run linux in a virtualbox or create a linux partition on your drive</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-orgd124f87">
<p>
See <a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/">here</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgda3b8f2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgda3b8f2">Today's program</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgda3b8f2">
<p>
Here is our tentative program for today:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>make sure everybody managed to install a working version of emacs</li>
<li>start emacs and try to survive the ugly default configuration</li>
<li>before you run away screaming, I will show you what emacs can look like after a bit of love</li>
<li>familiarize ourselves with the keybindings (fun!)</li>
</ul>
<p>
If time allows, we will also:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>learn how to configurate emacs (to get rid of the ugliness ;) )</li>
<li>learn how to install packages</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org07b7c46" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org07b7c46">Rationale</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org07b7c46">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga481c99" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga481c99">Why use text?</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orga481c99">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Makes you look cool</li>
</ul>
<p>
(Well… maybe)
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>You can use version control</li>
</ul>
<p>
Not just on your code, but on your papers, thesis, essays, books…
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Freedom</li>
</ul>
<p>
You are free from the constraints imposed by people who built the software you are using.<br />
You can create your own code to customize your own things (Think MS Word frustrations) :P
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Total inter-compatibility</li>
</ul>
<p>
Nothing is proprietary. Every software can read text files.
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Free (again)</li>
</ul>
<p>
But as in no money this time.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orged2b03e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orged2b03e">Why use emacs?</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orged2b03e">
<p>
If you decide to use text, you need a text editor. There are many out there, ranging from utterly basic (think Notepad…), to more sophisticated (e.g. Notepad++, Nano, Sublime Text…) to really complex (Vim, emacs). Some are proprietary (e.g. Sublime Text), many are free and open source (e.g. Notepad++, Vim, emacs…).
</p>
<p>
Emacs and Vim are the two most powerful of the lot. Emacs comes with a plethora of packages that will allow you to do just about anything.
</p>
<p>
And it has a huge community of developers which keeps pushing it further. Being an old software does certainly not make it outdated!!!!
</p>
<p>
Have a look at <a href="https://www.openhub.net/p/emacs">this</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4c51cf7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org4c51cf7">Quick demo of some of the things that emacs can do</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org4c51cf7">
<p>
What can you do with emacs? Pretty much everything except your laundry…
</p>
<p>
I will show very quickly how I use emacs for:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>emails</li>
<li>note taking</li>
<li>agenda</li>
<li>todo lists</li>
<li>edit directories</li>
<li>R</li>
<li>thesis/papers/book writing</li>
<li>websites</li>
<li>snippets everywhere! :)</li>
</ul>
<p>
(oh… and of course, heritage of the era when emacs was created, you can play Tetris).
</p>
<br>
<p>
<font size="6">Let's get started!!</font>
</p>
<br>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdbd370a" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgdbd370a">The emacs world</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgdbd370a">
<p>
Emacs pre-dates all modern softwares (with the exception of Vi) and thus has a different vocabulary and different keybindings. It may seem totally overwhelming at first, but it is actually really quick to get a hand of it (and then you will want emacs keybindings everywhere!).
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1523ed3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1523ed3">A bit of vocabulary first</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org1523ed3">
<pre class="example">
kill = cut
yank = paste
find file = open or create a file
point = cursor
buffer = the object that holds your file, your directory listing, etc.
window = the physical location where a buffer is displayed
frame = graphical display of emacs
face = style
</pre>
<p>
Thus, a frame can contain one or several windows. The same buffer can appear in one or several windows and in one or several frames. A window can only contain one buffer.
</p>
<p>
Let's have a look together at:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>The mode line</li>
<li>The minibuffer</li>
<li>The scratch buffer</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org30595c8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org30595c8">Modes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org30595c8">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7b69790" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org7b69790">Major modes</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org7b69790">
<p>
Major modes correspond to the language you are using. There can only be one major mode at a time.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
examples major modes:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>org mode—awesomeness that I will introduce in 2 weeks</li>
<li>text mode</li>
<li>emacs lisp mode</li>
<li>ESS (R) mode</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>