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<title>Theories of International Mobility and the Incorporation of Immigrants</title>
<meta name="description" content="Slides for Economics of Migration class">
<meta name="author" content="John R.B. Palmer">
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<section>
<h2>Theories of International Mobility and the Incorporation of Immigrants</h2>
<h3>Class 9: Gender</h3>
<p><a href="http://johnrbpalmer.com">John Palmer</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Pessar & Mahler (2003)</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>gender</h3>
<ul>
<li>As social construct</li>
<li>As process</li>
<li>As structure</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Gendered Geographies of Power</h3>
<ul>
<li>Geographic scales</li>
<li>Social locations</li>
<li>Power geometries</li>
<li>Individual agency</li>
<li>Cognitive processes</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Role of the State</h3>
<ul>
<li>Feedback between remittances and power structures (e.g. Goldring 2001 on Mexican hometown associations; Fouron & Schiller 2001 on Haitian women's remittances feeding patriarchal structure)</li>
<li>Human rights abuses and IO-State relationships (e.g. Pessar 2001 on Guatemalan refugees; Bhabha 1996 on Iranian refugees)</li>
<li>Legalization programs</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Social Location and Agency</h3>
<ul>
<li>communicating across borders</li>
<li>organizing work tasks when laborers are distant</li>
<li>negotiating whether to stay abroad or return</li>
<li>what happens when migrants return</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Methodological Recommendations</h3>
<ul>
<li>examine and measure gender relations longitudinally</li>
<li>extend longitudinal analysis to multiple generations</li>
<li>extend analysis to children</li>
<li>broaden geographic scope of studies</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Mata-Codesal (2017)</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Nation-State Sedentary Logic</h4>
<ul>"Given that the nation state relies on understandings of identity as encompassed within national borders, ... mobility is perceived as ... dangerous and threatening."</ul>
<br><br>
<ul>"The literature on globalization first, and transnationalism later, has questioned the apparently unambiguous link built by the nation state between identity and territory, as well as complicating the local-global divide. However, the ‘gendered discourse of diaspora'...remains."</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Social Desirability</h4>
<ul>"The pressure imposed by images of social expectations and desirability not only discourages women from engaging in specific mobilities – for example migrating internationally – it also shapes the form of the mobilities under- taken...."</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Which Borders Matter?</h4>
<ul>"The processes by which certain areas are defined as meaningful boundaries are neither accidental nor harmless. They are embedded in the logic of power, which include gender ideologies."</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Policy</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Muddling Through</h3>
<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/973677?origin=crossref">Charles E. Lindblom, The Science of "Muddling Through" Public Adm. Rev. 19, 79 (1959).</a>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Root-Oriented Policy-Making</h4>
<ul>
<li>Identify and quantify all related values held by society</li>
<li>Analyze every possible policy choice with respect to these values</li>
<li>Select the set of choices that maximize the values</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Branch-Oriented Policy-Making</h4>
<ul>
<li>Focus on immediate, narrow problem and ignore related values</li>
<li>Outline and compare limited alternatives and use past experience to their short-term consequences</li>
<li>Select based on limited values and expected outcomes</li>
<li>Repeat</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<li><b>Root Method</b>: Rational-Comprehensive</li>
<li><b>Branch Method</b>: Successive Limited Comparisons</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Feedback Loops</h3>
<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00470.x/full">Massey & Pren (2012)</a></h4>
</section>
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</section>
<section>
<img class="stretch" src="images/massey_pren_2.png">
<p>From Massey & Pren (2012)</p>
</section>
<section>
<img class="stretch" src="images/massey_pren_4.png">
<p>From Massey & Pren (2012)</p>
</section>
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